Krakow, Poland, is served by a district heating system that includes coal-fired electrical and heating plants and distribution networks and by approximately 200,000 residential coal furnaces. Cogeneration facilities were added in the mid-1970s to supply up to 40% of the regional peak electrical demand and to optimise energy extraction from the low-heating-value coal mined in the region. Several difficulties prevent the district from realising the potential efficiencies of its technology – the poor condition of the distribution network, the lack of consumption control and metering devices, inadequate plant maintenance, and the lack of economic incentives for operator productivity and energy conservation by users. Environmental concerns have caused the local government and international agencies to plan major improvements to the system. Discusses the development of the district heating system, coal use in Poland, cogeneration facilities, environmental concerns and pollution control plans, and improvement strategies.
KEYWORDS: district heating, developing, air quality, outdoor, combined heat and power, coal fired electricity production, environment, air pollution, planning, Poland
Citation: ASHRAE Trans. 1992, vol.98, Part 1, Paper number AN-92-12-2, 1047-1056, 3 figs., refs.
Product Details
- Published:
- 1992
- File Size:
- 1 file , 1.5 MB
- Product Code(s):
- D-18065
