This product is a PDF that contains links to files that consist of PowerPoint slides synchronized with the audio-recording of the speaker (recorded presentation), PDF files of the slides, and audio only (mp3) as noted.
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are ozone-depleting substances and, under the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the production and consumption of HCFCs will be phased out in worldwide over the current and decades. HCFC consumption in developing countries will be frozen, based on average consumption of 2009-2010, in the year 2013 followed by cuts of 10%, 35%, 67.5% & 97.5% for the years 2015, 2020, 2025 & 2030 respectively allowing 2.5% to continue during the period 2030-2040 as service tail which will be further assessed and modified in 2025 by Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The air-conditioning industry, in high ambient countries, expressed concerns in meeting the freeze and reduction targets where alternatives to HCFC-22 in small/medium size air-conditioning applications are not yet matured and accepted by the respective markets. In addition to that and due to the high contribution of air-conditioning to the power-demand, most of concerned governments started to apply MEPS (Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards) for equipment applied at high-ambient design conditions. With limited research work being offered to address this specific challenge, the situation leads the air-conditioning industry, in high-ambient countries, to uncertainty and vagueness. The challenges are part of a global set of challenges in front of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry, but are more pronounced for high ambient temperature countries. These challenges include unclear global trend about definite refrigerant for each category of application, particularly those suitable to operate in high-ambient conditions; unavailability of components, mainly compressors, that work with newly developed or in-development low-GWP refrigerants; the behavior of HVAC systems and their efficiencies, which are still not clearly determined when operating in high ambient temperature; the absence of relevant codes/standards that can facilitate the introduction of low-GWP alternatives and deal with its flammability in most concerned developing countries; limitating introduction of applications with flammable characteristics in high-rising buildings, which has become a notable segment of development in many countries; and low-GWP refrigerants’ cost implication on the final products, particularly for price sensitive products.
Challenges when it Comes to High Ambient Temperatures
Walid Chakroun, Ph.D., Fellow ASHRAE
Product contains: Recorded Presentation Audio (mp3), Slides (pdf), Recorded Presentation (mp4)
UNEP Perspectives, High Ambient Temperature
Ayman Eltalouny, P.Eng., Member
Product contains: Recorded Presentation Audio (mp3), Slides (pdf), Recorded Presentation (mp4)
Low-GWP Refrigerants in High Ambient Countries: Challenge or Opportunity?
Bassam Elassaad, P.Eng., Member
Product contains: Recorded Presentation Audio (mp3), Slides (pdf), Recorded Presentation (mp4)
Product Details
- Published:
- 2014
- File Size:
- 1 file , 130 KB
- Product Code(s):
- D-NY14Sem18
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Russia, Belarus
